A Message to the Body Shamers

A message to the body-shamers out there (including healthcare professionals, family, friends, and strangers):

Hi, I’m Tatiana. I’m your [patient/child/friend/spouse]’s dietitian. My patient has told me about you and your comments during our appointment. They expressed feelings of hurt, shame, and embarrassment about their weight due to your remark. I understand that you are trying to help, perhaps even motivate them. I must inform you that body-shaming does all harm and no good. Weight loss is NOT easy. Healthy, permanent weight loss is an enormous obstacle, especially when my patient struggles with body image (which is 90% of my patients). 

To The Healthcare Professional: 

My patient was told to lose weight at your medical clinic (likely because their BMI was over 30). The patient brought back the already-known information to our nutrition session. “The doctor said I need to lose weight. I should reduce calories and exercise more.” 

But what you didn’t know was my patient is in the process of making healthful lifestyle changes. She/He was too embarrassed to tell you that they are already trying to lose weight.

To my fellow healthcare worker, I ask you to change your approach. Before you preach the ineffective calorie-in/calorie-out method for weight loss, ASK your patient what lifestyle changes they have already made. You don’t even need to bring up their weight. They may ask you for some additional advice, sensing a safe, open environment. If you don’t have time to discuss weight loss, ask if they have ever met with a dietitian. If not, write a referral. If yes, don’t worry, they are likely in good hands. 

To The Parents:

Never ever, ever use the F-word (fat) in front of your child. Don’t even use that word to describe yourself or another person. You may think it’s helpful to remind them about their weight and health, but it does not motivate them whatsoever. In fact, it hinders their progress in practicing positive body image. Did you know that positive body image is associated with weight loss? Probably not because we live in a shame-filled society. The least you could do as a parent is avoid adding to that shame. 

You play a role in my patient’s success. Words are powerful, and body-shaming is dangerous. I discuss this reality with them during our sessions together, in a safe, non-judgemental environment. Please, do your best to create this same environment at home. Be encouraging and tell them the positive truth: Your daughter/son is enough just the way they are. 

To The Stranger:

Take a moment to think about the pain and hurt you have experienced in your life. If you deny hurt/sadness, then you may be a psychopath or have alexithymia: unable to feel emotions. You are NOT the only one who experiences terrible days. Every person you come in contact with is struggling with something (relationship problems, insecurity, etc.).

I would think that judging my patient would be the last thing on your mind. However, sometimes you forget the reality of life struggles and embarrass my patient. Perhaps you assumed that my patient doesn’t care about their health or weight, which was exposed by your body language and dirty look. You looked at the items in their grocery cart in a disapproving manner. You avoided looking at them in the eye, pretending they weren’t there. 

I ask you to treat every person you meet with kindness, no matter their shape or size. Make eye contact and smile. Acknowledge their existence! You do not know what they are going through. Your smile could ignite my patient’s will to continue the process of gaining health.

To The Friend:

The type of relationship you have with my patient is crucial to their success. I hope you have an honest, real relationship. I hope he/she can come to you for comfort and reassurance. If you are comfortable, allow my patient to talk honestly about their body image struggles. Let them excitedly share their progress on making healthful lifestyle changes. Please, avoid talking about fad diets and losing 10 lbs in a week. The diet mentality doesn’t work. Fad-dieting doesn’t work. Calling yourself fat doesn’t work. Buying into the billion-dollar weight loss industry is just helping the enemy. 

To The Intentional Body Shamers:

I can see right through you without even looking at you. There’s insecurity that lives deep within you. I highly recommend looking at yourself before you cast any stones at my patient. My patient has been fixing the damage you’ve done during our sessions together. 

To Everyone:

We live in a sick, diet-culture. Working closely with weight loss patients has opened my eyes to the psychological component of losing weight. 

From Psychology Today: “80% of U.S. women don’t like the way they look, 50% attribute it to weight, and 34% of men are equally dissatisfied with themselves.” 

Body-shaming is cruel and cheap. Your words have deeply affected my patient. You have created more obstacles on their health journey to lose weight. Do your part in making the world a better place by not giving in to the insecure, weak world we live in.

Question the diet culture. Try practicing a positive body image and self-love yourself. 

To My Patient:

I’m so sorry that you have experienced body-shaming from family, friends, and strangers. This is not your fault. I know you care about your health; After all, you’ve sought my help. I have hope that you will succeed in making healthful lifestyle changes so that you may return to a natural weight. Do your best to question the diet culture and to loosen the tight chains around your mind. You are worthy now. Love your body now. It’s a true statement that your body has brought you this far in life, so be grateful. Shifting your perspective is key. You can love your body AND make lifestyle changes at the same time. Respect yourself. And always remember the things you CAN control. You may not be able to control the body-shamers. But you can control how you respond. Forgive and remind yourself how far you’ve come. 

Body Kindness

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The 411 on Intermittent Fasting

Intermittent fasting has become quite popular over the last three years. I was skeptical at first being a dietitian and whatnot. Long story short, after understanding the science, it all made sense. Frequent meals (4+ meals) and a prolonged eating window (13+ hours) do not promote longevity. 

Fasting is merely abstaining from food; do not get it confused with “starving.” Entering into the starvation state usually happens after five days of fasting. Yet, fasting for 16 hours can be daunting for many people. 

Back in the day, a human’s main concern was finding food. Access to food is no longer a problem in our society. We have pantries, refrigerators, and freezers to store food. We have grocery stores and food delivery services. At the touch of a button, I can have Chipotle delivered to my house within 30 minutes. We don’t have to hunt for our food anymore, and we rarely experience famine, the extreme scarcity of food.

With easy access to food, most people are over-nourished nowadays. The frequent meals, prolonged eating window, and excess protein keep the body in a growth state. Ask yourself, are you “growing” right now?

In addition, people have become carbohydrate dependent. The human body prefers to burn carbohydrates because it’s quick and easy energy. However, when one becomes “dependent” on carbohydrates, the body has a difficult time transitioning to the fat-burning state. 

Imagine a fire pit. Carbs are like paper – quick and easy to burn. Fat is like a log – it takes some time to start burning, but when it does catch fire, it provides a lot of energy. 

The reason why humans have body fat is for times of famine, which is something we don’t experience anymore. Fat is simply stored energy.

Being able to switch from burning carbs to fat is called metabolic flexibility. Metabolic flexibility is especially important for endurance athletes. What fuel source do you think you are using during a marathon? Fat. You run out of carbohydrate stores (glycogen) after about 2 hours of exercise.  

If you cannot go 2 hours without a snack, or have intense sugar cravings, this may be a sign of carbohydrate dependency.

Why Fast?

There are plenty of health reasons to practice intermittent fasting. 

Here are my top 6 reasons to fast:

  1. Metabolic flexibility 
  2. Increase insulin sensitivity 
  3. Decrease body fat or maintain weight 
  4. Longevity (live longer by decreasing risk of disease) 
  5. Give your digestive system a break 
  6. Mental clarity 

Due to limited research, I will not include the disease states fasting may improve. However, I am not ruling out the benefit of fasting as an eventual treatment for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The scientific-evidence is coming, don’t worry.

What happens in our bodies when we fast?

About 12 hours after your last meal, your body begins entering the fasted state. At this point, your glycogen stores are depleted. (Remember, glycogen is stored carbohydrate.) Because your body needs energy at all times to function, it begins to breakdown body fat for energy. Several other physiological responses occur:

  • Lipolysis – Fat breakdown for energy
  • Autophagy – The recycling of cells (the breakdown of old cells so your body can regenerate newer cells). Autophagy promotes longevity. 
  • Low fasting insulin – Increases insulin sensitivity and promotes the breakdown of fat.  
  • Ketones – An energy source when glucose is low – Ketones may play a part in the increase of mental clarity experienced during the fasted state.
  • Stem cell production – This occurs during longer fasts (5+ days). Stem cells are unique cells that can develop into many different cell types. In some cases, they can also fix damaged tissues.

Electrolyte excretion also occurs while fasting. It is important to replenish your electrolytes with meals/drinks. Specifically sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Popular ways to intermittent fast:

The following are listed in order of popularity. Most studies on intermittent fasting utilize the Alternate Day Fasting method.

  • Time-restricted eating – A prolonged overnight fast lasting anywhere from 13-18 hours. 
    • Leangains method 16/8 or 18/6 – Fasting for 16 hours with an 8-hour eating window. Example: 11 am to 7 pm eating window.
    • Early time-restricted eating consists of an earlier eating window. Example: 8 am to 4 pm eating window.
    • Circadian Cycle Fast – The eating window lasts from sunrise to sunset. After sunset, the overnight fast begins. It mirrors the day/night cycle, AKA circadian rhythm. 
  • One meal a day (OMAD) – Fasting for the majority of the day, to eat one meal. OMAD tends to be a 22-hour fast with a 2-hour eating window. 
  • Full-day fast (usually done once a week) – Fasting for a full day can equate to 36+ hours. For example, you consume your last meal on Sunday evening (7 pm) and break the fast on Tuesday morning (7 am). 
  • Alternate Day Fasting (full-day fast every other day) – The 5:2 falls under this type. Fasting occurs two days of the week. Some practice a low-calorie diet (less than 500 calories) instead of completely fasting.
  • Fasting Mimicking Diet (A 5-day low calorie, low protein diet which tricks your body into thinking it’s fasting despite eating) – You can purchase this program at https://prolonfmd.com
  • Prolonged Fast (4+ days) – An advanced form of fasting in which no food is consumed for more than 4-5 days. 

There is no “best” type of intermittent fasting – it’s ultimately up to you and your lifestyle. Things you want to consider are your daily schedule, social life, and health goals. You can follow one regimen, or you can incorporate a mixture of all of them. 

How to Start Intermittent Fasting for the Newbie: 

1. Trial a 12 hour overnight fast. Finish dinner by 7 pm and eat breakfast no earlier than 7 am. Follow this 12/12 plan for a week or two.  

2. Shorten your eating window by an hour. Bring breakfast up to 8 am or finish dinner by 6 pm. This step is when you start to personalize your fasting regimen to fit your lifestyle. You may stop here if you are comfortable. 

3. If you find a 12-14 hour overnight fast easy, you can attempt a longer fast. Experiment with different eating windows (9 am-5 pm, 10 am-6 pm, 11 am-7 pm) – Customize to your lifestyle and schedule. 

Most people adopt intermittent fasting as a lifestyle. The main downside to intermittent fasting is the difficulty of starting, especially if you’ve been a snacker/grazer or if you like to eat late at night. Keep this in mind if you are a newbie. The hunger pangs can be extreme in the beginning. Allow yourself 2-4 weeks to fully adjust to your intermittent fasting regimen before you write it off.  

Is Longer Better?

If you are trying to lose weight, a longer fast will keep you in the fat-burning state. A 16-hour and 20-hour fast differ by spending an extra 4-hours in the fasted state, primarily using fat for fuel. 

If your goals include longevity, longer is also better. Stem cell production occurs on the fifth day of a water-only fast or FMD. This regimen is not recommended for a newbie faster, but it can be something to consider down the road. 

What’s allowed during a fast?

  • Water
  • Sparkling water (without sweetener or sugar alternatives). I recommend La Croix. 
  • Black coffee
  • Plain tea 
  • Salt or electrolytes (without sweetener or sugar alternatives)

Water is extremely important when you are fasting. If you find that you are experiencing headaches while fasting, try drinking more water with added electrolytes.

Can you eat whatever you want during the eating window?

Intermittent fasting’s focus is not on WHAT to eat, rather WHEN to eat. The primary reason for fasting is entering into the fasted state. With that being said, most people do eat whatever they want during their eating window. However, it’s essential to clarify your goals of fasting. I would argue that refeeding is just as important as fasting.

It’s crucial to replenish the nutrients lost during the fast. Also, choosing foods that nourish your body will be beneficial for longterm health. If fasting is an excuse for you to binge on nutrient-poor foods (low fiber, processed), you may be causing more harm than good. 

Fasted Exercise

The safety and efficacy of exercising in the fasted state is ultimately dependent on the type of workout you are doing. Reflect on your current lifestyle, including your exercise regimen and goals, before choosing a fasting method. 

  • Lose weight: Beneficial to exercise in the fasted-state (low-moderate intensity such as walking or jogging)
  • Endurance: Beneficial to exercise in the fasted-state 
  • Build mass: Safe to weightlift in the fasted-state; however, you may feel weaker. Human growth hormone is significantly increased during the fasted state. Refeeding is critical to repairing muscles after weight lifting in the fasted state. 
  • Strength/Speed: Not beneficial to exercise during the fasted-state as you will need your glycogen stores filled for explosive workouts. 

People who should not fast (more than 12 hours):

  • children
  • pregnant/lactating women
  • type 2 diabetics on insulin (MUST be medically supervised and working with endocrinologist)
  • those with an eating disorder
  • low BMI (<18)
  • gallbladder disease

Overall, fasting is a safe practice to incorporate into your healthy lifestyle. It is not for everyone, so keep that in mind. Also, more research is needed to categorize intermittent fasting as a treatment method.

If you would like medical supervision as you integrate intermittent fasting, feel free to make an appointment with me, or any dietitian specializing in longevity nutrition.

The Truth About Intermittent Fasting – My Journey

A little more than a year ago, I tried intermittent fasting (IF) to prove my husband wrong. During the last year of my nutrition program, I did all my projects on the topic of fasting but came to conclusion that this might not be just another fad diet. One project included trying a diet for 2 weeks. Of course, I decided to finally attempt a type of IF called time restricted eating by following an 18-hour fast with a 6-hour feeding window. 

The beginning was brutal. I was a breakfast person! I loved making overnight oats, eggs and don’t even get me started on pancakes, waffles and cereal. The first 2 days of the time-restricted eating regimen were terrible. I binge ate both nights. I decided to switch my feeding window from 6 hours to 8 hours to make it a little easier on myself. After a few days, my body started getting used to eating at 11am. I wasn’t as ravenously hungry as I used to be in the mornings. I was able to drink my black coffee and plenty of water until my feeding window began. A small confession here; I am usually running late to everything. About a week into IF, I realized that the new regimen was convenient for me! I didn’t have to spend any time in the mornings making breakfast or eating! That saved me 20 minutes each day (and helped with my time management). Not only was I saving time in the morning by not eating breakfast, but I was also more productive! About a month in, I noticed a difference in my mental clarity. I was able to concentrate more in the mornings up until after lunch. I clearly noticed a difference in my ability to process information. It was like night and day! At that time, I did not know that this was the start of a life-long endeavor. 

Before I started working as a dietitian, I used to exercise 5-6 days a week which helped maintain my weight at 112-115 lbs. After starting IF, I lost 8 lbs and now my set point weight ranges from 108-110 lbs WITHOUT exercise (I couldn’t find much time for it once I started working full-time plus commuting). Back in the day when I was eating 3 meals and 2 snacks, I would gain weight pretty quickly if I didn’t exercise. Daily fasting became my “metabolic exercise”. I was reaping some of the benefits of exercise through fasting without actually exercising. In Dr. Jason Fung’s book, Obesity Code, he explains that IF drops your set point weight where as other fad diets do not. There’s a hormonal change that occurs during fasting that other calorie restriction diets do not do. 

Now, let’s fast forward 7 months to when I started working with weight loss patients. The dietitian before me recommended books to read, one being the Ultimate Guide to Fasting (by my favorite MD at the time, Jason Fung). I didn’t know that dietitians could recommend a fasting regimen, but I quickly reminded myself that I am an evidenced-based dietitian. The science and mechanisms were clearly there and I didn’t understand why the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) wasn’t making this a standard of care for those with type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. That’s when the reading started. I was commuting 2-4 hours a day to my work, which left a lot of time-opportunity for audiobooks. At first, it was difficult but after a few months, my brain was able to listen to audiobooks on 1.75 speed and absorb more than 75% of what was being said. I also began reading science literature on fasting to better understand mechanisms.

When I started seeing weight loss patients, I decided quickly that fasting may not be for everyone, but 6 months later, I’d take that back.  Seeing my patients follow a time-restricted eating regimen daily and lose weight with ease was very satisfying and only solidified my belief in fasting even more. I started sharing this information with my dietitian friends but not everyone was convinced. I kept reading and bringing more evidence back to them only to receive more doubts and counterarguments. Of course, I am grateful that they were skeptical as it has only made me a more informed dietitian on the subject of fasting. 

I concluded that IF was the perfect “diet” for weight loss. I don’t like to call it a “diet” because there are no requirements on what to eat; IF is focused on the timing of meals. Of course, eating a healthful diet in combination with a fasting regimen is ideal but that’s a topic for another blog post. 

In my reading, I have come across some people that should not do a prolonged overnight fast (more than 12 hours). This includes children, pregnant/lactating women, type 2 diabetics on insulin, and those with an eating disorder, low BMI (<18) or gallbladder disease. If you are one of the above, I recommend talking with your doctor before starting any fasting regimen. 

That leaves everyone else! If you are wondering if you could do it, even though you aren’t trying to lose weight, I highly suggest starting with an overnight 12 hour fast daily. Most people think they already do this; however, an ongoing research study suggests that the average “feeding” window is 15 hours. This exhausts our digestive system. Every time we eat, our bodies have to produce hormones and digestive enzymes. Towards the end of the day, especially as it gets dark outside, our metabolism does not work as efficiently. It slows down in preparation for sleep. Humans are not meant to be eating all day and all night, just like we aren’t meant to be awake all day and all night. This is where I bring in a concept called circadian rhythm. This is usually associated with our sleep and wake cycle. We are diurnal creatures! What most people don’t realize is that our digestive system is also on a biological clock. If we eat at 8am every day, our body will eventually get used to receiving food at 8am. That is why it may be difficult initiating a time-restricted eating regimen initially. When you change the time of your meals, your body will be confused so it’s best to eat your meals at the same times every day. This is why it was difficult for me and many others to start IF. Our circadian clock gives us cues (hunger/ghrelin) that it’s time to eat; However, your body can get used to eating at 11am or even once a day with minimal hunger after some time and consistency. 

IF is not just for weight loss, though. The main reason why I continue doing it is for longevity. The science of aging and increasing health span is picking up speed. I’ve recently gotten into the research on fasting and increased longevity. Caloric restriction increases longevity in many animals. Even the Japanese people in Okinawa (one of the blue zones) believe that one should eat until they are 80% full. This is caloric restriction. Obviously, when we restrict calories, we need to ensure we get enough nutrients to avoid malnutrition. There are no benefits to being malnourished. A slight reduction in calories DOES, though. I’ll explain the mechanisms. 

1.    Insulin – keeping insulin levels low and insulin-like growth factor low has been shown to increase life span not only animals, but also humans. Loran Dwarfs lack IGF-1 (there is a defect in the receptor). Despite eating the same diet as their relatives, those that did not have the syndrome, had 20% rate of cancer. Remember, cancer is a leading cause of death in the USA. 

2.    mTOR – dietary protein activates this guy. Decreased intake of protein increases life span. Increased mTOR turns off autophagy, a very important recycling process in the body. As we age, autophagy decreases. Autophagy is a very important component in increasing health span and preventing diseases such as cancer.

3.    AMPK – increases when we have low ATP (energy). AMPK increases glucose uptake into the cell, increases autophagy and increases lipid metabolism. 

I could go on and on about mechanisms, but I want to keep this article simple. 

How to start IF: 

1.    Start with a 12 hour fast daily. For example, abstain from eating between 7pm to 7am. Follow this strictly for a couple weeks.  

2.    Start shortening your “feeding” window by an hour each week. Bring breakfast up to 8am or finish dinner by 6pm. 

3.    If you find this easy after a couple weeks, you can attempt a 16 hour daily fasting regimen. Most people follow a 11-7pm feeding window regimen while other follow 12-8pm. Some even have breakfast and follow a 9-5pm feeding window. Customize to your lifestyle and schedule. 

4.    Continue this for as long as you’d like. Most people adopt IF as a lifestyle. I, for example, rarely eat breakfast and feel great without eating until 12pm.

5.    If you still have difficulty, make an appointment with a registered dietitian to help. I see patients in Irvine, Ca. 

Dietitians/Nutritionists/Doctors are too focused on macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and calories. I think it’s the timing of our meals that is MOST important in overall health. Eating multiple meals, multiple snacks and the elongated “feeding” window (12+ hours) is not the answer. Obviously, fiber intake and healthful fat intake are both very important nutrients in preventing many diseases but timing is right up there with basic general healthful nutrition guidelines.

I predict that fasting will become standard of care within the next couple decades. Whether it’s a 12 hour overnight fast, a 24 hour fast once a week, or a Fasting Mimicking Diet, I say with confidence, this is the solution to our obesity epidemic. Fasting increases insulin sensitivity so it can be used as a treatment method for those with type 2 diabetes. Fasting helps reduce caloric intake (in a much easier way) which can be used to treat obese people. Fasting even lowers triglycerides and inflammation which lowers cardiovascular disease risk! There needs to be more research published, I know, to officially become standard of care. It’s coming, though. 

Disclaimer: This article was written off the top of my head but there is evidence for every single claim I make in this article. I’ve been wanting to write an article for months now but I have limited time. I will eventually be adding references to this article but I would be more than happy to send you specific articles if you need me to do so. 

Who I follow for new evidenced-based fasting information:

1. Dr. Rhonda Patrick 

2. Dr. Satchin Panda

3. Dr. Valter Longo

4. Dr. Peter Attia 

If you feel at all skeptical, please go to the “Research” tab in the upper left side of the page. Feel free to leave questions below. 

Tatiana Keay, MS, RD